SPECIFICATIONS
|
Introduction
date:
01-01-1998
|
1.
DESCRIPTION - GENERAL USE PLYWOOD
|
This
standard covers general use plywood with hardwood face veneer.
This standard is not applicable to specialty or decorative plywood.
Minimal requirements relating to the formaldehyde emission of plywood are
covered in 4.3 and 6.8.
|
3.
CLASSIFICATION AND DIMENSIONS
|
3.1.
Plywood is subdivided into grades based on the following: appearance of face
veneers, glue bond, the degree of moisture resistance of the bond, and if
sanded or not.
|
3.1.1. The plywood is
subdivided into 5 grades, based on the appearance of the face veneers: E
(elite), I, II, III and IV. Descriptions of the face grades of the plywood
are specified in Supplement A.
|
3.1.2
. The degree of moisture resistance of the plywood bond is
specified by the following marks:
|
FSF
- water proof plywood (WBP)
|
FK
- water resistant plywood (MR)
|
3.1.3
. The sanding if the plywood is specified as follows:
|
Not
sanded (NS)
|
Sanded
one side (S1)
|
Sanded
two sides (S2)
|
3.2.
Dimensions.
|
3.2.1
. The dimensions and the number of plies in the plywood sheets
must correspond to tables 1 and 2.
|
Lengt(width) of the plywood
sheets
|
Min(Max)Tolerance in mm
|
|
|
|
|
120,012,201,250
|
+/- 3,0
|
|
|
|
|
1,500,152,518,001,830
|
+/- 4,0
|
|
|
|
|
2,100,213,524,402,500
|
+/- 4,0
|
|
|
|
|
27,002,745,305,036,000,000
|
+/- 6,0
|
|
|
|
|
Note:
Production of plywood is allowed in other dimensions corresponding with the
terms of a contract.
|
Nominal thickness of plywood
|
Number of plies
|
Sanded Plywood Tolerance
Min/Max(mm)
|
Sanded Plywood Thickness
Variance(mm)
|
Unsanded Plywood Tolerance
Min/Max (mm)
|
Unsanded Plywood Thickness
Variance(mm)
|
3,
0 mm
|
3-ply
|
+0,3/-0,4
|
|
+0,4/-0,3
|
|
4,
0 mm
|
3-ply
|
+0,3/-0,5
|
|
+0,8/-0,4
|
|
6,
5 mm
|
5-ply
|
+0,4/-0,5
|
|
+0,9/-0,4
|
1,0
|
9,
0 mm
|
7-ply
|
+0,4/-0,6
|
|
+1,0/-0,5
|
|
12,
0 mm
|
9-ply
|
+0,5/-0,7
|
0,6
|
+1,1/-0,6
|
|
15,
0 mm
|
11-ply
|
+0,6/-0,8
|
|
+1,2/-0,7
|
|
18,
0 mm
|
13-ply
|
+0,7/-0,9
|
|
+1,3/-0,8
|
|
21,
0 mm
|
15-ply
|
+0,8/-1,0
|
|
+1,4/-0,9
|
1,5
|
24,
0 mm
|
17-ply
|
+0,9/-1,1
|
|
+1,5/-1,0
|
|
27,
0 mm
|
19-ply
|
+1,0/-1,2
|
1,0
|
+1,6/-1,1
|
2,0
|
30,
0 mm
|
21-ply
|
+1,1/-1,3
|
|
+1,7/-1,2
|
|
Note:
Production of plywood is allowed in other thickness and construction (number
of plies) corresponding with the terms of a contract. The minimum and maximum
variances may be determined by the following formula.
|
Sanded
Plywood - maximum/minimum tolerance:
|
Maximum:
Thick x 0.03 mm
+
0.2 mm
(
12 mm
x 0.03
mm
+
0.2 mm
)
=
12 mm
+
0.5 mm
|
Minimum:
Thick x 0.03 mm
+
0.4 mm
(
12 mm
x0.03
mm
+
0.4 mm
)
=
12 mm
-
0.7 mm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unsanded
Plywood - maximum/minimum tolerance:
|
Maximum:
Thick x 0.03 mm
+
0.8 mm
(
12 mm
x 0.03
mm
+
0.8 mm
)
=
12 mm
+
1.1 mm
|
Minimum:
Thick x 0.03 mm
+
0.4 mm
(
12 mm
x 0.03
mm
+
0.3 mm
)
=
12 mm
-
0.6 mm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2.2
. Plywood panels must be cut at a right angle. Deviation must
not exceed
2 mm
per 1 lineal meter.
|
3.2.3
. Deviation from square edges can not exceed
2mm
per 1 lineal meter.
|
3.3.
Making if plywood must include:
|
Name
of product
|
Woos
species of the face and core veneers
|
Glue
Bond marks
|
Veneer
grades for face and core
|
Formaldehyde
emission classification
|
Type
of surface treatment
|
Dimensions
|
Applicable
GOST standard
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Below
is an example of markings in plywood. Birch plywood with core plies of birch
veneer, water resistant, with a combination of face and core veneers I/III,
with an emission class of E1, sanded in both sides, in
2440 mm
long,
1220 mm
wide and
9 mm
thick is marked:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
|
4.1.
Characteristics
|
4.1.1
. To produce face veneers for plywood, the following species can
be used for the face veneer: birch, alder, maple, elm, beech, asp, poplar,
lime. For core veneers, in addition to the ones just mentioned, the following
can be used: pine, spruce, fir, larch and cedar.
The timber used to make veneers fir plywood determines the species of the
plywood.
The plywood can be made of one or more than one species of wood, therefore it
is either "homogeneous" or "combined".
If the number of veneer plies is even, the direction of fibers (grain) of the
two middle plies must be parallel.
Veneers, located symmetrically within the thickness of plywood, must be the
same species and thickness.
The thickness of the veneer used for the faces must not exceed 3,
5 mm
. And for the thickness if core
veneers must nit exceed
4 mm
.
|
4.1.2. Wood and manufacturing
defects exceeding limits stated in Table 3, are not allowed in face veneers.
|
4.1.3. Wood and manufacturing
defects, exceeding the limits stated in Table 3, are allowed in core veneers,
as long as they do not influence its integrity and dimensions. The
requirements for quality and dimensions are specified in this standard.
|
4.1.4
. The maximum amount of wood and manufacturing defects allowed
in face veneers is indicated in Table 4.
|
4.1.5
. The combination of face veneer grades is indicated in GOST
30427.
|
4.1.6
. The face veneer of E grade can consist of 2 components with
one splice joint in the middle of the panel. This applies only to widths up
to
1525 mm
.
If the width is over
1525 mm
,
the face veneer if E grade can consist of 3 components of equal width. The
face veneer of I and II grades can be made from an unlimited number of veneer
components.
For grades E, I, II veneer joints must be parallel to plywood edges. Veneers
must be matched for color.
|
4.1.7
. Plugs must be even with the surface, firmly bonded, must match
the color of the face of the panel. The grain must also be parallel to the
direction of the wood fibers (grain) on face veneer. For grades I and II the
plugs must match the color of the wood.
Putty fills or reapirs must match the color of the wood of a given grade. In addition,
they must provide easy gluing, retain its color during plywood treatment and
not crack while bending.
|
4.2. Strength and mechanical
indices are stated in Table 5.
|
4.3. Formaldehyde content in
plywood, depending in emission class, must meet the limits stated in Table 6.
|
4.4.
The plywood is measured in either square meters or cubic meters. The volume
of one panel is determined with a precision of up to
0.00001 m3
. The volume of a few panels
is determined with the precision of up to
0.5 m3
. The squareness of a panel is measured with
the precision of up to
0.01 m2
.
The squareness of a few panels in measured with a precision of up to
0.5 m2
.
|
4.5.
The marking is stamped with indelible paint on the back side of every panel
stating plywood grade and inspector's number.
Marks of bundles or crates of plywood contain:
|
Name
if the country plywood-producer
|
Name
of mill-producer or its trade mark
|
Conventional
plywood marking
|
Number
of panels in the bundle
|
National
mark of conformity for certified production
|
Transportation
marking is in accordance with GOST 14192.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.6.
Packaging.
|
4.6.1
. Plywood must be packed in bundles weighting no more than 1500
kgs. It has to be separated according to species, glue bond, grades, glue
emission classes, types of surface treatments and dimensions.
If parties mutually agree and in accordance with a sales contract, plywood
can be packed in bundles or other weights.
|
4.6.2
. If plywood id to be shipped to regions in the Extreme North or
other difficult-to-reach regions, it has to be packed according to 4.6.1. and
GOST 15848.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.
RULES OF ACCEPTANCE
|
5.1.
Plywood is accepted in lots.
A lot consists of plywood of one species, one glue bond, one sort, one glue
emission class one type of surface treatment and panel dimensions.
There should be one document for each lot, specifying quality and containing:
|
Name
of the country-producer
|
Name
of the mill-producer and (or) its trade mark
|
Conventional
plywood marking
|
Volume
or square meters of panels in lot
|
Stamp
of technical control
|
National
mark of conformity for a certified production
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.2. Quality and dimensions of
panels are subject to random inspection. If specified in a sales contract
(agreement), specific lots may be subject to full inspection.
In a random inspection, sheets are selected indiscriminately in accordance
with GOST 18324 and confirming the quantities, mentioned in Table 7.
|
5.3.
Shear, tensile and static bending strengths are checked fir plywood of every
species, glue bond and number of plies at least once month. In accordance
with sales contracts (agreements), it is permitted to select 0.1 % of sheets
in every lot, but not less than one sheet.
|
5.4.
Formaldehyde emission is checked every 30 days for FSF plywood mark and every
15 days for FK plywood mark. In accordance with terms of sales contract, a
check may be done every 7 days.
|
5.5.
A lot is considered to meet the requirement of the current standard and is
accepted, if in the random inspection the following is confirmed:
|
number
of plywood sheets which are not meeting the requirements of the current
standard due to dimensions, out of square, linear edges, wood and
manufacturing defects is LESS or EQUAL to the accepted amount, which is
stated in Table 7.
|
all
sheets of plywood must have no bubbles, no delamination and no trace of bark
|
formaldehyde emission corresponds
to the norms defined in Table 6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.
CONTROL METHODS
|
6.1.
Selection of samples for strength and mechanical tests are done in accordance
with GOST 9620. Selection of samples for formaldehyde emission tests are done
in accordance with GOST 27678.
|
6.2.
The length and width is measured at two points in the same panel, which are
parallel to the edges and are located at least
100 mm
from the edges. The
measurements are done with a metal tape, which has an index error of
1 mm
or less in accordance with GOST
7502. Measurements have to be taken twice and the actual length (width) of
the sheet would be their average.
|
6.3.
Thickness is measured at a distance of at least
100 mm
from the edges. Thickness also
has to be measured at the middle of each side of the panel with a caliper as
per GOST 11358, or with a micrometer with a scale division of at least
0.1 mm
in accordance with GOST 6507.
Measurements of thickness have to be taken 4 times and the actual thickness would
be an average of those 4 measurements.
The difference in thickness in one panel of plywood is determined as a
difference between the maximum and minimum thickness from these 4
measurements.
|
6.4.
Moisture content is determined in accordance with GOST 9621.
|
6.5.
Shear strength along the glue line is determined in accordance with GOST
9624.
|
6.6.
Static bending strength is determined in accordance with GOST 9625
|
6.7.
Tensile strength is determined in accordance with GOST 9662
|
6.8.
Formaldehyde emission is determined in accordance with GOST 27678
|
6.9.
Roughness of the surface is determined in accordance with GOST 15612
|
6.10.
Wood and manufacturing defects are measured in accordance with GOST 30427
|
6.11.
Deviation from linear edges of plywood panel is determined by measurements of
the maximum gap between the panel edge and metallic square edge in accordance
with GOST 8925 and within an index error of 0,
2 mm
.
|
6.12.
Measurements for squareness are determined in accordance with GOST 30427.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.
TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
|
7.1.
Plywood is transported in covered vehicles, in accordance with the
transportation consignment rules for each given vehicle.
|
7.2.
Transportation and storage of plywood, which is to be shipped to the Extreme
North or difficult-to-access regions are done in accordance with GOST 15846.
|
7.3.
Plywood is stored in horizontally stacked bundles, on pallets or on wooden
pallets. The temperature of closed premises, in which the plywood is stored,
should be between
-400C
to +
50C
. The humidity
should not exceed 80%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.
PRODUCERS GUARANTEE
|
Producers
guarantee that the plywood conforms with the current GOST, as well as with
transportation and storage conditions.
FK plywood has a guarantee of 3 years and FSF plywood has a guarantee of 5
years from the day it was shipped.
|
Description of deficts as per
GOST 30427
|
E
grade
plywood face veneers
|
I
grade
plywood face veneers
|
II
grade
plywood face veneers
|
II
grade
plywood face veneers
|
IV
grade
plywood face veneers
|
1.Pin
knots
|
Not allowed
|
Max 3 per
M2 allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
2.Sound
lights and/or dark knots
|
Not allowed
|
Up to 5 per
M2 max,
15mm
diam. cracks no more than 0,
5mm
wide
|
Up to 10 per
M2 max,
25mm
diam. cracks no more than
1mm
wide
|
Allow cracks
not more than 1,
5mm
wide
|
Allow cracks
not more than 1,
5mm
wide
|
3.Loose
knots or with/without knot holes, worn holes in cluster or scattered
|
Not
allowed
|
Up to 3
with max
6mm
diam.
|
Up to 6
with max
6mm
diam.
|
Up to 6
with max
6mm
diam.
|
No limits
with max
40 mm
diam.
|
4.Tight
cracks/splits
|
Not allowed
|
Up to 2 per
1M
of plywood, max
200mm
long
|
Up to 2 per
1M
of plywood, max
200mm
long
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
5.Wide
cracks/splits
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Up to 2
per
1M
of plywood filled
with putty max
200mm
long
|
Up to 2
per
1M
of plywood filled
with putty max
600mm
long and
5 mm
wide
|
Allowed
with limitations
|
6.Light Mold
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
7.Dark
mold
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
General
number allowed as per item 2 of present table
|
General
number allowed as per item 2 of present table
|
Allowed
|
8.Deviation
in wood structure
|
Allowed very
insignificant,incidental disposition
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
9.Light
color variation
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed,
no more than 5% of the sheet surface
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
10.Strong
color variation
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed
|
11.Decay
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
12.Pinholes
|
Not allowed
|
General
number allowed as per item 3 of present table
|
General
number allowed as per item 3 of present table
|
General
number allowed as per item 3 of present table
|
General
number allowed as per item 3 of present table
|
13.Veneer
overlap
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed no
more than
100mm
in quantity of no more than 1 piece for
1m
of panel width
|
Allowed no
more than
200mm
in quantity of no more than 2 pieces for
1m
of panel width
|
Allowed
|
14.Lack of
veneer, defects of panel edges due to sanding or squaring
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed with
a width of no more than
2mm
|
Allowed with
a width of no more than
4mm
|
Allowed with
a width of no more than
4mm
|
Allowed with
a width of no more than
5mm
|
15.Presense
of glue tape
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed in
non-sanded plywood
|
Allowed in
non-sanded plywood
|
Allowed in
non-sanded plywood
|
16.Glue
bleed through
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed no
more than 2% of panel surface
|
Allowed no
more than 5% of panel surface
|
Allowed
|
17.Scratches
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
18.Indentations
or imprints
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed if
depth/height is in range of thickness variance
|
Allowed if
depth/height is in range of thickness variance
|
Allowed
|
19.Torn
Grain, Brashy Fibers
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed no
more than 5% of panel surface
|
Allowed no
more than 15% of panel surface
|
Allowed
|
20.Grinding
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed
|
21.Warp
and twist
|
Does not
apply to thickness under 6,
5mm
.
If over 6,
5mm
then allowed with sag of no more than
15mm
over
1M
panel's diagonal
length
|
Does not
apply to thickness under 6,
5mm
.
If over 6,
5mm
then allowed with sag of no more than
15mm
over
1M
panel's diagonal
length
|
Does not
apply to thickness under 6,
5mm
.
If over 6,
5mm
then allowed with sag of no more than
15mm
over
1M
panel's diagonal
length
|
Does not
apply to thickness under 6,
5mm
.
If over 6,
5mm
then allowed with sag of no more than
15mm
over
1M
panel's diagonal
length
|
Does not
apply to thickness under 6,
5mm
.
If over 6,
5mm
then allowed with sag of no more than
15mm
over
1M
panel's diagonal
length
|
22.Metal
inclusions
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Color metal
staples are allowed
|
Color metal
staples are allowed
|
23.Gap in
slice joint
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed
with width of no more than
1mm
in 1 piece for
1M
of
panel sheet
|
Allowed
with width of no more than
2 mm
in 1 piece for
1M
of
panel sheet
|
Allowed
|
24.Delamination,
bubbles, etc
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
25.Waviness(for
sanded plywood), charter marks
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
26.Rough or
torn grain
|
Roughness parameter(Rm)
is per GOST 7016; 100 for sanded plywood and 200 for non-sanded
|
Roughness
parameter(Rm) is per GOST 7016; 100 for sanded plywood and 200 for non-sanded
|
Roughness
parameter(Rm) is per GOST 7016; 100 for sanded plywood and 200 for non-sanded
|
Roughness
parameter(Rm) is per GOST 7016; 100 for sanded plywood and 200 for non-sanded
|
Roughness
parameter(Rm) is per GOST 7016; 100 for sanded plywood and 200 for non-sanded
|
27.Wooden
plugs
|
Not
allowed
|
Not
allowed
|
Allowed in
repair up to 8 pieces for
1m2
of panel
|
Allowed
with no limits
|
Allowed
with no limits
|
28.Overlapped
plugs
|
Not allowed
|
Not allowed
|
Allowed no
more than 2 pieces per
1m2
of panel
|
Allowed
|
Allowed
|
Note:
|
1.
Norm of manufacturing defects "lack of veneer" refers both to outer
and core lines.
|
2.
Wood and manufacturing defects which are not mentioned in Table 3 are not
allowed.
|
Grade of Face Veneer
|
Maximum amount of permitted
defects for wood and manufacturing (in pieces)
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
No visible
defects
|
|
|
|
|
I
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
II
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
III
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
IV
|
Amount of wood and
manufacturing defects is unlimited. Limits on dimensions is in accordance
with items 3,5,11,12,14,24 of Table 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GOST 3916.1-96
|
GOST 10.55-71
|
GOST 3916.1-89
|
|
|
|
E
|
-
|
A
|
|
|
|
I
|
B
|
AB
|
|
|
|
II
|
BB
|
B
|
|
|
|
III
|
CP
|
BB
|
|
|
|
IV
|
C
|
C
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Index
|
Thickness(mm)
|
Glue bond
|
Birch
|
Alder Beech
|
Pine Larch Fir Silverfir
Cedar
|
Moisure content
|
3-30
|
FSF
|
5-10
|
5-10
|
5-10
|
FK
|
Shear
strenght (MPa) not less than
|
after
boiling in water for 1 hour
|
3-30
|
FSF
|
1,5
|
1,2
|
1,0
|
after
soaking in water for 24 hours
|
FK
|
1,5
|
1,0
|
1,0
|
Static
bending strength of fibres (MPa) not less than
|
9-30
|
FSF
|
60
|
50
|
40
|
FK
|
55,0
|
45,0
|
35,0
|
Tensile
strengh along fibers, MPa, no less than
|
3-6,5
|
FSF
|
40,0
|
40,0
|
40,0
|
FK
|
30,0
|
30,0
|
30,0
|
Note:
Shear strength along glue line of 1.2. Mpa is permitted in accordance with
terms of a sales contract.
|
Glue Emission Class
|
Formaldehyde content in 100
grams of dry plywood mass, in mg.
|
|
|
|
|
E1
|
Up to 10
|
|
|
|
|
E2
|
From 10 to
30
|
|
|
|
|
Volume for the lot
|
Index of control on the items
below(in panels)
|
|
3.2.1
.;
3.2.3; 3.2.3; 4.1.2; 4.1.6; 4.1.7; 4.3
|
|
Selection
Volume
|
Number for
Acceptance
|
Selection
Volume
|
Number for
Acceptance
|
|
Up to 500
|
8
|
1
|
13
|
1
|
|
501 to 1200
|
13
|
1
|
20
|
2
|
|
1201 to 3200
|
13
|
1
|
32
|
3
|
|
3201 to
10000
|
20
|
2
|
32
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
